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Microwave Brightness Temperatures |
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Sea-Surface Salinity and River Discharge |
The discharge from the Amazon and Mississippi rivers is readily detected in sea-surface salinity (SSS) data. SSS is also used for measuring evaporation and precipitation in the ocean. |
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El Niño Southern Oscillation Indicators: Vapor, Rain, Sea-Surface Temperature, Winds, Clouds |
Water vapor, rain-rate, sea-surface temperature, wind, and cloud anomalies are useful for understanding El Niño (and La Niña) events that are critical determinants of California's water supply and snowpack. For example, the 2015 El Niño showed characteristically negative wind speed anomalies in the Tropical Pacific Ocean. In turn, this produced a positive water vapor anomaly over the Pacific Ocean that contained more water than the volume of Lake Tahoe. |
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